代写：外部事件会导致成本增加
在这种情况下，涉众需要同时处理多个任务来满足生产力。工作和性能之间的映射已经完成。研究发现，外部事件会导致成本增加(Iossa和Martimort, 2012)。在这些情况下，依靠特定的政府来源无法达到目标，而且通过合作努力建立私人机构也增加了项目的不确定性。因此，PPP所面临的挑战是缺乏共同的愿景、融资问题、目标不明确、沟通问题、信任、不确定性以及对问题没有恰当的评估。关键元素的发展是一个成功的项目所需的行动计划的可行性和重点发展正确的行动计划,行动计划应该能够衡量资源和满足利益相关者的要求,和下一步的采购是财政和赞助的这些问题(太和韦弗,2014)。应该有一个项目管理办公室来监督特定项目的操作功能。
另一个重要因素是为治理的目的提供管理支持(Too and Weaver, 2014)。管理层应持续评估和监控情况，并为参与运营的利益相关者开发支持系统(Too和Weaver, 2014)。一个高效的项目最重要的因素之一就是有一个完善的行动计划。所有参与行动的利益攸关方都应该知道这项行动计划。分析香港的购买力平价，以了解影响生产力的重要因素。研究发现，利益相关者应该了解行动计划，理解过程的启发，并且应该明确争论中的重要因素的优先级(Tang, and Shen, 2013)。重要因素应该有明确的排名。这将带来整体生产力。张、Chan和Kajewski(2012)进行了一项研究，了解PPP的成功交付。
代写：外部事件会导致成本增加
In this, the stakeholders were expected to multitask to meet productivity. The mapping was done between effort and performance. It was found that costs incurred can increase owing to the external events (Iossa and Martimort, 2012). In these cases, relying on a particular governmental source cannot be able to meet the objectives, and also having private founding’s as a collaborative effort increased the uncertainty of the projects. Hence, the challenges that are involved in PPP are lack of shared vision, financing issues, unclear objectives, communication issues, trust, uncertainty and no proper evaluation of the issues.Key elements that are required for a successful project are the development of the action plan which are feasibility and focus of developing the right action plan, this action plan should be able to gauge the resources and meet stakeholder demands, and next step is the procurement of finances and sponsorship for each of these issues (Too and Weaver, 2014). There should be a Project management office that oversees the operational functionality of the particular project.
Another important factor is providing management support for the purpose of governance (Too and Weaver, 2014). The management should continually evaluate and monitor the situation and develop a support system for the stakeholders involved in the operation (Too and Weaver, 2014).One of the most important factors for a productivity project is to have a sound action plan. This action plans should be known to all the stakeholders involved in the operation. PPP in Hong Kong was analysed to understand about what are the important factors for productivity. It was found that stakeholders should be aware of the action plan, understand the heuristics of the process and there should be clear prioritizing of the important factors in contention (Tang, and Shen, 2013). There should be clear ranking of the important factors. This would lead to overall productivity. Cheung, Chan, and Kajewski (2012) had undertaken a research to understand about successful delivery of PPP.