23/01/2019

英国工业工程学论文代写:工人政策的改变

英国工业工程学论文代写:工人政策的改变

1980年代:经过1980年的最初几年,政府的劳动政策开始允许农村工人自由迁移到城市地区(Pai, 2012)。中国社会主义经济的标志是对每一个愿意从事工作的人的就业承诺和终身虚拟任期的工作保障。改革家的目标是劳动力市场在性质上是非生产性的,因为为了实现社会主义的目标,工业经常出现人员过剩,工人的工作积极性也因工作保障而降低。这种社会主义者的政策也被称为“铁饭碗”。1979年至1980年,国家对工厂进行了改革,给工人增加了工资,但通货膨胀率迅速上升了6 – 7%,立即抵消了这一影响。国家特别通过发放工资补贴来解决这个问题。改革打破了铁饭碗,这意味着中国经济内部的失业率在上升。铁饭碗被拆除后,立即有2000万人失业。当前政策框架内,农村流动劳动力有权进入城市和获得小城市和城镇永久居留权,寻找城市非农业工作,呼吁当局等城市地区的劳动机构帮助和保护他们,享受增强服务社会相比,它没有以前,例如项目培训、教育孩子、获得卫生保健等(Shaohua 2005)。

英国工业工程学论文代写:工人政策的改变
2000年:1997年,中国经济面临着巨大的、不可持续的国有企业财务损失,对银行体系的偿付能力构成了威胁。随着社会保障新方案的出台,政府在中国最终推进了国有企业改制,这标志着保障中国城镇职工就业和福利的铁饭碗的终结。作为这一倡议的一个重要组成部分,政府设立了一个特别的城市一次性解雇办法,提供三年以下的生活津贴,并协助就业和培训。这一结构调整导致进一步裁减了1000万工人。国有企业改制对劳动力市场功能和城镇居民福利产生了重大影响。政府在预见到城镇下岗失业人员的逐步退出后,开始加强其他社会保险项目。失业保险制度进一步规范,资金来源为工资支出。

英国工业工程学论文代写:工人政策的改变

1980s: After the initial years of 1980, the labour policies of the government have started coming towards allowing the rural workers to have the freedom of migrating to the urban regions (Pai, 2012). China’s socialist economy hallmarks was the employment promise to everyone willing to perform work and security of job with lifelong virtual tenure. The labour market was targeted by the reformers as being unproductive in nature because frequently industries were overstaffed frequently for fulfilling the goals of socialist and the workers incentive for working was also reduced by job security. This policy of socialists was also known as the iron rice bowl. The state reformed factories in 1979-1980, by providing wage increase to labourers were immediately offset through sharp rise in rates of inflation that is by 6 to 7 percent. This problem was remedied by the state especially through wage subsidies distribution. The reforms dismantled the iron rice bowl implying to witness increase in unemployment within the Chinese economy. Immediately, after the dismantling of iron rice bowl, 20 million people were unemployed. Within the current policies framework, rural migrant labors are given the right to move in cities and obtain small cities and townships permanent residency, look for urban areas non-agricultural jobs, appeal to authorities of urban region such as labors agencies to help and protect them and enjoy enhanced services in the society in comparison to as it did not previously, for example programs for training, education of children and access to health care etc (Shaohua 2005).

英国工业工程学论文代写:工人政策的改变
2000: In the year 1997, the economy of China was faced with huge and unsustainable SOE financial losses causing a threat to banking system solvency. With the new programs on social security, the government in China moved ahead finally with an enterprise restructure program owned by the state, aggressively and this marked the end of the iron rice bowl that guaranteed China’s urban workers with employment and benefits. As an essential component of this initiative, a special one-time urban layoff was established by the government to provide living subsidy of up to 3 years along with assistance in job placement and training. This restructure led towards further laying off of 10 million labourers. Restructuring of SOE had a major influence on labor market functions and urban residents’ welfare. The government on anticipating the phase out of urban layoff program started strengthening other programs for social insurance. The unemployment insurance program was standardized further and this program was financed through charges on payroll.

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