本文主要讲的是物质成瘾的治疗，物质成瘾在我们周围随处可见。成瘾行为可能包括滥用酒精、尼古丁和可卡因等物质。研究表明，物质成瘾是一种习得行为。巴普洛夫条件反射是两个刺激重复配对的过程。一个刺激产生的反应最终会由第二个刺激产生，即使没有第一个刺激。这个概念是巴甫洛夫提出的。在操作性条件作用中，行为是其后果的结果。本篇英国商业论文代写文章由英国论文人EducationRen教育网整理，供大家参考阅读。
Substance addiction among people can be seen all around us. Addictive behaviour may involve abuse of substance such as alcohol, nicotine and cocaine etc. Research has shown that substance addiction is a learnt behaviour. Pavlovian conditioning is the process where two stimuli are paired repeatedly. The response which was produced by one stimulus is eventually produced by second stimulus, even in the absence of first stimulus. This concept was given by Ivan Pavlov. In operant conditioning, behaviour is result of the consequences that follow it.
This results in decrease in the capacity of environmental cues to elicit craving. Aversion therapy is another application of Pavlovian conditioning which can be used in case of alcohol addiction. The therapist forms association between alcohol and nausea or vomiting through principle of pavlovian conditioning. However, the effect of aversion therapy is short term. The therapist may use cognitive behaviour therapy to treat addiction (Otto, O’Cleirigh and Pollack, 2007). Operant conditioning is effective in treating substance use. The main principle is to reward healthy behaviour (reward must be substantial). Community Reinforcement and Family Training therapy (CRAFT) is based on operant conditioning. CRAFT therapy has been effective in treating alcohol use disorder (Berger et al., 2016). Behaviourist also focus on teaching skills essential for emotional regulation and distress tolerance. Emotional regulation teaches clients to understand and cope with emotions to not use substance as an escape.
Pavlovian and operant conditioning play an important role in the onset and maintenance of addiction. Conditioning plays a crucial role in treatment. Studies and research support that addiction is a learnt behaviour. Pavlovian conditioning emphasizes on association of environmental stimulus with substance and operant conditioning focuses on reinforcement of behaviour through reward. For treatment of substance use, several therapies are used which are based on the principles of Pavlovian and operant conditioning.
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