essay 評判：銅工業的發展
銅工業從1720年發展到19世紀中葉，當時一位政府官員奧德曼·鮑威爾建議在斯旺西冶煉銅。那時，他還不知道即將發生的這場革命的積極結果。銅工業在國際上發展到了極限，技術優勢達到了一個新的高度，斯旺西被稱為“銅都”。銅工業成為向世界其他地區出口的場所，為世界上一半以上的地區生產銅。對這個國家來說，這是一場偉大的工業革命。銅的提煉有一個非常重要的部分叫做冶煉。這是一個從礦石中去除賤金屬的過程。這個過程需要將碳與氧結合，從而留下一氧化碳和二氧化碳等有害氣體(D’souza &Peretiatko, 2002)。這是採煤過程中最重要的環節，也是不可避免的。
essay 評判：銅工業的發展
這些氣體被認為是對我們的環境最具災難性的，它們大量排放，並迅速廣泛傳播，為包括農作物、牲畜和人類在內的所有物種創造了一個受污染的環境。由於工廠排放的氣體的危險性，開始發生法律糾紛。許多反對銅業的人士表示，用於冶煉的燃料與礦石的比例是2:1，這對環境造成了更大的危害。由於煤便宜易得，所以英國人更喜歡用進口礦石來冶煉。這些爭論和糾紛導致了銅工業的衰落，從而導致了採用氧化法去除雜質的貝塞默法的發明。技術解決方案是改善行業狀況的一種方法，但它們需要巨額投資和開支。
essay 評判：銅工業的發展
The copper industry grew from 1720 to mid-19th century, when a government officer Alderman Powell suggested that the smelting of copper was proposed in Swansea. At that time he did not know the positive result of this revolution that was about to occur. The copper industry grew internationally to great limits, and the technological superiority reached to a new height with Swansea called as “Copperopolis”. The copper industry became the house of export to the rest of the world, where it generated copper for more than half of the world. It was a great industrial revolution for the country.There is a very important part of copper extraction called Smelting. It is the process of removing the base metal from ore. This process requires binding of the carbon with the oxygen leaving behind hazardous gases called carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (D’Souza &Peretiatko, 2002). This process is the most important aspect of coal extraction, which can’t be avoided.
essay 評判：銅工業的發展
These gases are considered to be most disastrous for our environment, which emit in huge quantities and spreads widely and quickly creation a polluted environment for all the species including crops, livestock, and people. There started occurring legal disputes due to the hazardous nature of the gases released from the factory. Many arguments against the copper industry said that the ratio of fuel to ore for smelting is two to one, which created more harm to the environment. Because the coal is cheap and easily available, the smelting process is preferred in England with imported ore. These arguments and disputes resulted in the decline of copper industry, thereby resulting in the invention of the Bessemer process where the oxidation process was used to remove the impurities. The technological solutions were one way to improve the state of the industry, but they required huge investments and expenses.